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Les verbes irréguliers anglais
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Base verbale, prétérit, participe passé : quand les utiliser ?
01 · La base verbale
Did you go? / I didn’t go.
Au présent avec I, you, we, they, ou après did / didn’t.
I go to work.Did you go? / I didn’t go.
02 · Le prétérit
Pour une action terminée dans un contexte passé. Dans une phrase affirmative, on utilise la forme passée.
I went to London last week.03 · Le participe passé
The email was written yesterday.
Après have / has / had pour les temps composés ; aussi après be au passif.
She has gone home.The email was written yesterday.
was / were
been
être
A1
I was tired yesterday.
She has been very busy.
Le participe passé est toujours been.
had
had
avoir
A1
We had a good time.
I have had enough.
Had sert à la fois de prétérit et de participe passé.
did
done
faire
A1
What did you do?
I've done my homework.
Attention : done n'est pas le prétérit. Le prétérit est did.
went
gone
aller
A1
We went to London.
She's gone home.
Been = on y est allé et on est revenu. Gone = la personne est encore partie.
got
got / gotten
obtenir, recevoir, devenir
A1
I got your message.
It's got much better.
Gotten est surtout américain. Got reste très courant en anglais britannique.
made
made
faire, fabriquer
A1
She made a mistake.
I've made dinner.
Make est irrégulier même si les deux formes passées sont identiques.
said
said
dire
A1
He said no.
I've said it before.
Prononciation : said se prononce /sed/, pas comme say.
saw
seen
voir
A1
I saw Paul yesterday.
Have you seen this film?
Ne dites pas I've saw. Après have, utilisez seen.
came
come
venir
A1
They came early.
She's come back.
Le participe passé revient à la forme de base : come.
knew
known
savoir, connaître
A1
I knew the answer.
I've known him for years.
Known s'utilise notamment avec have known + for/since.
thought
thought
penser
A1
I thought about it.
I've thought about your idea.
Même famille sonore que buy/bought et bring/brought.
took
taken
prendre
A1
I took the train.
She's taken my seat.
Après have/has, utilisez taken et non took.
gave
given
donner
A1
He gave me a book.
I've given you the key.
Give → gave → given.
found
found
trouver
A1
I found my keys.
Have you found a solution?
Found peut aussi être un verbe régulier signifiant fonder : founded.
told
told
dire, raconter
A1
She told me the truth.
I've told you twice.
Tell prend souvent une personne : tell me. Say prend plutôt les paroles : say something.
became
become
devenir
A1
He became famous.
It has become easier.
Même modèle que come : forme de base au participe passé.
left
left
partir, quitter, laisser
A1
We left at six.
I've left my phone at home.
Leave peut signifier partir, quitter ou laisser selon le contexte.
felt
felt
sentir, se sentir
A1
I felt sick.
I've felt better.
Feel → felt → felt.
put
put
mettre
A1
I put it on the table.
I've put the milk away.
Les trois formes sont identiques.
brought
brought
apporter
A1
She brought some wine.
I've brought your book.
Bring = apporter vers ici. Take = emporter vers ailleurs.
began
begun
commencer
A1
The film began at eight.
The meeting has begun.
Même famille vocalique que sing/sang/sung et drink/drank/drunk.
kept
kept
garder
A1
I kept the receipt.
We've kept in touch.
Keep → kept → kept.
held
held
tenir
A1
She held my hand.
The event has been held here before.
Held sert aux deux formes passées.
wrote
written
écrire
A1
I wrote an email.
She's written a report.
Après have, utilisez written et non wrote.
stood
stood
être debout, se tenir
A1
He stood by the door.
I've stood here for an hour.
Stand → stood → stood.
heard
heard
entendre
A1
I heard a noise.
Have you heard the news?
Heard se prononce avec un seul son vocalique, pas comme hear + d.
let
let
laisser, permettre
A1
They let us in.
I've let him know.
Les trois formes sont identiques.
met
met
rencontrer
A1
We met in Paris.
I've met her before.
Meet → met → met.
ran
run
courir, fonctionner
A1
I ran five kilometres.
The programme has run successfully.
Le participe passé revient à run.
read
read
lire
A1
I read it yesterday.
I've read that book.
L'orthographe ne change pas, mais le passé se prononce /red/.
bought
bought
acheter
A1
I bought a new phone.
We've bought the tickets.
Même terminaison sonore que thought et brought.
ate
eaten
manger
A1
We ate outside.
Have you eaten yet?
Après have, utilisez eaten.
drank
drunk
boire
A1
I drank some water.
I've drunk too much coffee.
Drink → drank → drunk.
slept
slept
dormir
A1
I slept badly.
I've slept enough.
Sleep → slept → slept.
spoke
spoken
parler
A1
We spoke yesterday.
I've spoken to her.
Speak → spoke → spoken.
AAA
Même orthographe aux trois formes
Attention à read : /riːd/ à la base, /red/ aux deux formes passées.
put
put
put
mettre
cut
cut
cut
couper
let
let
let
laisser, permettre
set
set
set
fixer, régler, placer
hurt
hurt
hurt
faire mal, blesser
shut
shut
shut
fermer
spread
spread
spread
répandre, étaler
split
split
split
diviser, se séparer
read
read
read
lire
cost
cost
cost
coûter
ABB
Le prétérit et le participe passé sont identiques
La famille la plus fréquente.
buy
bought
bought
acheter
bring
brought
brought
apporter
think
thought
thought
penser
feel
felt
felt
sentir, se sentir
keep
kept
kept
garder
leave
left
left
partir, quitter, laisser
meet
met
met
rencontrer
send
sent
sent
envoyer
build
built
built
construire
teach
taught
taught
enseigner
sell
sold
sold
vendre
pay
paid
paid
payer
ABA
Le participe passé revient à l'infinitif
Un petit groupe très utile.
come
came
come
venir
become
became
become
devenir
run
ran
run
courir, fonctionner
overcome
overcame
overcome
surmonter
ABC
Les trois formes changent
À apprendre en rythme ou par ressemblances.
go
went
gone
aller
see
saw
seen
voir
take
took
taken
prendre
write
wrote
written
écrire
speak
spoke
spoken
parler
drink
drank
drunk
boire
sing
sang
sung
chanter
begin
began
begun
commencer
drive
drove
driven
conduire
break
broke
broken
casser
choose
chose
chosen
choisir
fall
fell
fallen
tomber
I-A-U
Le rythme i → a → u
Un des meilleurs motifs sonores à retenir.
sing
sang
sung
chanter
drink
drank
drunk
boire
ring
rang
rung
sonner, appeler
swim
swam
swum
nager
/ɔːt/
Les terminaisons -ought et -aught
Dans ces verbes, elles se prononcent /ɔːt/ en anglais britannique.
buy
bought
bought
acheter
bring
brought
brought
apporter
think
thought
thought
penser
fight
fought
fought
se battre, combattre
catch
caught
caught
attraper, prendre
teach
taught
taught
enseigner
AAB
La base et le prétérit sont identiques
Le participe passé change : beat → beat → beaten.
beat
beat
beaten
battre
Pourquoi apprendre par familles ?
Beaucoup de verbes irréguliers suivent des ressemblances sonores ou orthographiques.
Les regrouper réduit la quantité d’informations à mémoriser.
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